12/19/2023 0 Comments France italy lockdown![]() ![]() ![]() The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis support physical distancing of one meter or more and highlight the importance of the use of masks, respirators and eye protection in order to avoid or minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Non-pharmaceutical public health measures and their effects on person-to-person transmission at the individual level (physical distancing, use of face masks, wearing of eye protection) have been studied by the Covid-19 Systematic Urgent Review Group Effort (SURGE). Figure 1 provides a schematic representation of the containment measures adopted in order to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. The role of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in containing and mitigating contact rates in the population and thereby reducing transmission of the virus was assessed in this study. Through our research, we seek to understand how different mitigation and containment strategies have been important in the past, focusing specifically on the investigation of the early stages of the pandemic, so that we can emphasize how key they are today and for the future at minimizing the risk of potential additional waves of the Covid-19 pandemic. They must be combined with a very accurate contact tracing and mass vaccination campaigns to be extended to as many countries as possible. ĭespite the availability of a winning tool - vaccines - due to the problems mentioned above, non-pharmaceutical interventions remain essential. The concept, previously unknown, of a Covid Certificate has been introduced, in its various denominations and with the various peculiarities in different nations or geographical areas, showing also in this field differences at the international level. Countries have put in place legislative plans to address this issue. We have a tool to control the virus, but large parts of the population for various reasons refuse to accept it. Now, in 2022, we are more capable to identify new outbreaks early through timely and constant monitoring, to take appropriate measures to control the spreading of the virus ( ). To do this, governments are working as fast and fairly as possible to avoid new waves of the pandemic, minimize lives lost and maximize health, economic and social outcomes. Actually, around the world, countries are still seeking to limit the impact of Covid-19 on health and society after more than 2 years of fighting SARS-CoV-2. ![]() Thus, it is essential to maintain non-pharmaceutical interventions to prevent transmission and reduce infections ( ). Unfortunately, it has not been possible yet to ensure equitable access to vaccination throughout the world because there is not adequate availability of vaccines. In fact, the progress of modern medicine has allowed the development in record time of effective and safe vaccines to prevent Covid-19 symptomatic infection, severe disease, admissions to hospital, and deaths. The evidence found in our research can be useful to inform policy makers’ decisions when deciding to introduce or relax containment measures and their timing, both during the current pandemic or in addressing possible future health crises.Īlthough the availability of vaccines to fight against SARS-CoV-2, various countries are still facing numerous barriers, some of them in paradox, such as vaccine hesitancy. ![]() Our analysis revealed that in the five European countries we compared, the use of different approaches definitively affected the effectiveness of containment measures for the Covid-19 pandemic. The research approach adopted consisted of three steps: 1) Build a Containment Index (C.I.) that considers nine parameters to make an assessment on the strength of measures 2) Develop dynamic epidemiological models for forecasting purposes 3) Predict case numbers by assuming containment measures remain constant for a period of 30 days. Governmental policy responses may explain these differences and this study aims to describe evidence about the effectiveness of containment measures throughout the course of the pandemic in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK). A variety of approaches have achieved different levels of success in limiting the spread of the disease early and preventing avoidable deaths. European countries are still searching to eliminate or contain the Covid-19 pandemic. ![]()
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